The stock alternator is a 10 SI, it will have a external fan on the front and a 2 wire plug ( - - )on the side of the alternator at the rear. There is a special 130D which will bolt right in, however the only way to get one is through a custom builder like myself, this is because GM has discontinued them.
Check the link for more info.
The factory set point on a 130D is 14.2 volts so again you will need a custom built unit to get the 16 volt, the same is true with the CS130 and the CS144. The CS144 will fit in the stock location however you may need to bend the top bracket up a bit as it is larger than the 10SI but then you can get them at any parts store, just tell them to look up GM part number 1101183. I am not a fan of parts house rebuilds but it is much better than a junk yard part.
16 volts will have no effect on anything factory or aftermarket, other than the fact that the part will run better, cooler, and last longer, higher voltage reduces amps and that reduces heat, and that makes the part last longer. However the battery will boil above about 17.5 volts depending on the battery. All CS units are externally excited as are the stock SI units, so yes it’s a 3 wire.
The thing about amps is, more is better, the alternator will not force the power into the system but you will have it when you need it. If I were to add your numbers I would say it would brake down like this:
vehicle needs about 50
fans around 20 each total of 40
radio 10 unless you are using an external amp
perhaps 20 in the lighting
and winch up to 300 depending on your set up and its age.
So lets take the winch out since you probably will not use it daily, we are looking at around 140 amps. You are probably not going to use everything at once so a hot rated
AMC 150 amp would probably be fine. On our web site we have a
calculator to test your numbers but it breaks down like this:
lets say 200 amps for the winch and
AMC 150 for the rest fo the system for a total of 350 amps or 5075 watts at 14.5 volts. If we plug the same wattage at 16 volts we see that the system will only need 317 amps. This can be done for short burst with a singe alternator, in other words you can power the winch from the alternator without taping into the battery reserve. But having said this an alternator that can produce 60 amps at an idle and a total of 100 amps is much better than a unit that can only do 60 amps at 4000 rpm like the stock unit.
The highest I would go with a v belt pulley is 200 amps hot, to get usable power for anything over 200 amps we need to be in the 1.5 “ to 1.75" pulley and a v belt will not grip a pulley that is smaller than 1.9"
happy to answer any question that I know anything about.