Gas has a low vapor pressure(thats why it feels cold on your hand) and so does ethanol which is getting mixed into your gas in alot of places. Low vapor pressure means lower boiling point. One way to rais the boiling point is to put a substance under pressure. Your mechanical pump does at most 5 psi and modern cars run pumps that push 60-90+ PSI. So your jeep is passing fuel through your mesh screen in the tank, through your lines, through your fuel pump, through your fuel filter and into your carb. Now since fuel companies don't really have to tailor to carbed vehicles since they are going extinct little by little(Damn you cash for clunkers!) the fuel is designed to work in the higher PSI system which you do not have and is more likely to be susceptible to vapor lock.....
If your jeep is working at low rpms and when its really cool then I wouldn't suspect any clogs.
That mechanical pump is right on the block and therefore heats up with the block. The more load you put on your engine, i.e. gassing it up a steep hill or holding a high RPM the hotter your block gets. Your gas enters your fuel pump which is most likely getting hotter than the boiling point of your fuel and then begins to boil. Since your
AMC 258 i6 / 4.2l doesn't get as hot as my 360 I would be willing to bet that some of your fuel is boiling off in the line and some of it is getting pushed through. So your carb isn't getting the enough fuel to the bowl to hold those high rpms. When you let your foot off the gas and let it coast you arent demanding as much fuel and your fuel bowl can fill back up until you gas it again and so on and what not.
Another solution is to install a carb spacer. But I don't think this will help you since you have an I6 and the 258s run coolant through the intake to help bring the temp down.
I hope that maybe helps you understand why a little better.....
All that is just my opinion so if some one wishes to correct me then feel free. That is just how I understand it.
Oh and if you do decide to install the fuel pump I would like to suggest that you put it across the front of the tank just above the diff instead of on the frame under the passenger seat. It looks real clean there and there are already bolts for holding the skid plate you could mount to. Also if you mount above the lip between the floor and the x-member you have some protection already for the pump, and you will be in line with the top of the tank as well as close as possible to the outlet and your pump will have less trouble priming itself and therefore have more life.
I can get you a pic of the one I installed in the CJ for the MPI kit if you want. It is a high pressure one but should be the same install procedure as any low pressure one.